Polymers synonyms, polymers pronunciation, polymers translation, english dictionary definition of polymers. Liang appreciate the tutorial for providing a good definition of fundamental concepts of polymer science and engineering, excellent description of liquid, injection, and compression molding of plastics and composites, and the relative advantages of various materials and techniques. Homopolymers are named by adding the prefix polybefore the monomer name from which the polymer is. By way of example, consider a polymer such as polyethene which, in a normal commercial sample, will be made up of molecules having to 2000 ch, groups in continuous chains. When synthetic unnatural polymers are shaped into shapes by heat and pressure, they form different types of plastics. Polymer definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept. Polymer simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Due to their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Another way of classifying polymers is in terms of their form or function, varying from additives to other bulk materials e. Three types of natural polymers are polysaccharides, proteins, and nuclei acids. It are large molecules when monomers join together.
Synthetic polymers types and examples polymer uses. Conventional use of polymers in drug delivery conventional drug delivery systems use doses of drugs in form of capsules, tablets which are formed by compression, coating and encapsulation of bioactive drug molecules 2. Polymers being adaptable can be easily moulded as per requirement, are used extensively in various fields including household, food industry, medical, packaging and transport wnek, 2008. The term polymer is defined as very large molecules having. Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively. The ductility of thermoplastic polymers is reduced upon cooling 5.
The word polymer comes from the greek prefix poly, which means many, and the suffix mer, which means parts. The underlying objective of this discussion is to simply define. Types of synthetic organic polymers introduction to. Because the molecules consist of many monomers, polymers tend to have high molecular masses. Polymers synthetic 1 thermoplastics plastics linear, some cross linking can be melted and reformed on heating a amorphous no ordered structure b semi crystalline compo sed of microscopic crystallites domains of crystalline structure. Polymer engineering covers aspects of the petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, structure property relations and applications. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymers. Polymers for energy generation and storage polymer membranes for separation technology polymers for opto and microelectronics theory and simulation papers should include or reference previously published experimental results. A glass is appropriately defined as material having the. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. Various main chains and side chains are used to make different synthetic organic polymers. Thus pvdc is widely used to coat pet beer and cider bottles to prevent diffusion of air into these. Examples of such polymers are polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polystyrene, polysulfone, etc 1. The application and theory of polymers continues to expand.
Linear polymers these polymers consist of long and straight chains. A wide range of different polymers is available, and they have further the advantage to be tunable in physical, chemical and biological properties in a wide range to match the requirements of specific applications. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. Polyethylene is considered to be as one of the simplest polymer, it has ethene or ethylene as the monomer unit whereas the linear polymer is known as the high density polyethylenehdpe. Polyethylenes, with linear structures, can pack together easily and are referred to as high density polyethylenes. If the units called monomers in a polymer are all the same, then the polymer is called a homopolymer. Low density polyethylenes consist of branched chain molecules, with some cross. Types of synthetic organic polymers introduction to chemistry. Polymers and the environment, emulsion polymerization, polymer science approach to physicochemical characterization and processing of pulse seeds, polymer characterization with the atomic force microscope, nonconventional method of polymer patterning, the properties and application of carbon nanostructures, electrokinetic potential and. There is an increased emphasis on pictorializing, reinforcing, integrating, and interweaving the basic concepts. Polymers of monomers containing two or more epoxy groups.
Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler chemical units called monomers. A polymer is a chemical compound with large molecules made of many smaller molecules of. Applications of synthetic polymers in clinical medicine. They are the chemically modified natural polymers such as hydrogenated, natural rubber, cellulosic, cellulose nitrate, methyl cellulose, etc. Some of these materials are of course used as products in their own right, or manipulated.
Polymers and the environment, emulsion polymerization, polymer science approach to physicochemical characterization and processing of pulse seeds, polymer characterization with the atomic force microscope, nonconventional method of polymer patterning, the properties and application of carbon nanostructures, electrokinetic potential. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The polymer chains in objects that are translucent and opaque are in a crystalline arrangement. Class 12 chemistry revision notes for chapter 15 polymers. They reduce the intermolecular cohesive forces between the polymer chains, which in turn decreaset g. They are commonly found in a variety of consumer products. Hightemperature plasticity due to the ability of the molecules to slide past one another thermally activated or arrhenius process 4. A variety of synthetic polymers as plastic polythene, synthetic fibres nylon 6,6 and synthetic rubbers buna s are examples of manmade polymers extensively used in daily life as well as in industry. Since this introduction is necessarily brief, the reader desiring a more detailed discussion is referred to any of the many excellent introductory texts devoted to organic chemistry andor polymeric materials, such as references 1.
This new edition reflects this growth and the continually expanding role of polymers. Polymers are all created by the process of polymerization wherein their constituent elements called monomers, are reacted together to form polymer chains i. A polymer is a molecule, made from joining together many small molecules called monomers. The definition of polymer, for purposes of the new exemption, is found at 40 cfr 723. Unesco eolss sample chapters materials science and engineering vol. Polymers are durable, lightweight, easy, and cheap to make. The glass transition temperature is also affected by the molecularweightofthepolymerfig. Polymer definition of polymer by the free dictionary. By definition a crystalline arrangement has atoms, ions, or in this case, molecules in a distinct pattern. In phenol, 4,41methylethylidenebis, polymer with chloromethyloxirane 9ci cm 1 cm 2 h3cch2 ch ch cl h2nch25 nh2 h2co n o ch2 c ho oh me me cl polymer class terms in the registry file. The scope of polymer no longer includes the biomedical applications of polymers. Polymer chemistry, sixth edition nanjing university.
Polymers usually contain many more than five monomers, and some may contain. Polymer glossary amorphous having no ordered arrangement. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 15 polymers the word polymer has a greek origin. Polymers definition of polymers by the free dictionary. Synthetic polymers are those which are humanmade polymers. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book. Examples of saturated all bonds are single ones hydrocarbon molecules. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. Thus pvdc is widely used to coat pet beer and cider bottles to prevent diffusion of air into these products and hence prolong their useful shelflives.
Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as dna and proteins that. To be eligible for the exemption, a new chemical substance must. The polymer which has been synthesized in the laboratory is known as synthetic polymer. The term polymer is defined as very large molecules having high molecular mass 103107u. The simplest definition of a polymer is a useful chemical made of many repeating units. Polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, and nylon. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures. Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of up to millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively light and simple molecule. Polymers in drug delivery scientific research publishing. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, including, for example, proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids. Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and modifies polymer materials. You generally think of crystalline structures in salt, gem stones, but not plastics. Polymers that are not highly crosslinked have properties that depend greatly on the forces that act between the chains.
Polymer is defined as a chemical substance of a high molecular mass formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules, called monomers. Linear polymers including those that are branched but not crosslinked 3. Anion an atom or molecule which has a ne gative electrical charge. Polymers are not amorphous when their chains are lined up in ordered crystals. The word polymer can be broken down into poly meaning many in greek and mer meaning unit. A chemical reaction bonding monomers together to make a polymer is. The word was coined by swedish chemist jons jacob berzelius 17791848 in 1833, although with a slightly different meaning from the modern definition. Natural polymers from the greek poly meaning many and meros meaning parts are found in many forms such as horns of animals, tortoise shell, shellac from the lac beetle, rosin from pine trees, asphalt, and tar from distillation of organic materials. The group number matches the number of valence electrons. Bassam ibrahim khalil introduction of polymers polymer the word polymer is the greek word. Multiple biological, synthetic and hybrid polymers are used for multiple medical applications. Polymers are those which consists of repeated structural units known as monomers.
A brief introduction to polymer material science is given in the following subsections. For example, all oxygen atoms have an atomic number of 8, meaning that all oxygen atoms contain 8 protons within its nucleus. This shows how the chemical composition of a polymer consists of many smaller units monomers bonded together into a larger molecule. Introduction of polymers polymer the word polymer is the greek word. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Since this introduction is necessarily brief, the reader desiring a more detailed discussion is referred to any of the many excellent introductory texts devoted to organic chemistry andor polymeric materials, such as references 1 through 3. Cation an atom or molecule which has a positive electrical charge.
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